Federal law prohibiting the destruction, alteration, or falsification of records in federal matters.
Full Text
§ 1519. Destruction, alteration, or falsification of records in Federal investigations and bankruptcy
Whoever knowingly alters, destroys, mutilates, conceals, covers up, falsifies, or makes a false entry in any record, document, or tangible object with the intent to impede, obstruct, or influence the investigation or proper administration of any matter within the jurisdiction of any department or agency of the United States or any case filed under title 11, or in relation to or contemplation of any such matter or case, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both.
Elements of the Offense
- Knowingly — Defendant was aware of their actions
- Alters, destroys, mutilates, conceals, covers up, falsifies, or makes false entry — The prohibited conduct
- Any record, document, or tangible object — Broad scope including electronic records
- Intent to impede, obstruct, or influence — Specific intent required
- Federal matter — Investigation or administration within federal jurisdiction
Penalties
- Fine under Title 18
- Up to 20 years imprisonment
- Or both
Scope
This statute covers:
- Paper documents
- Electronic records and communications
- Text messages and emails
- Tangible objects and physical evidence
- Any “record, document, or tangible object”
Federal Jurisdiction
Applies when matter is within jurisdiction of:
- FBI
- Department of Justice
- Any federal agency
- Federal courts
- Cases involving federal civil rights (§ 1983 cases)
Relevance
This statute becomes relevant when:
- Evidence is destroyed during federal litigation
- Records are altered after federal complaints are filed
- Communications are deleted during § 1983 cases
- Officials obstruct federal civil rights investigations